Hugh williamson



@mungitura @anni @fitta HUGH WILLIAMSON, or' NEW YORK, N. Y.

Letters .Patent No. 71,830, dated December 3. 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN GONGENTRIG GBLESTIAL AND TERRESTRl-AL GLOBES.

T0 ALL WHOM IT MAY GONCERN:

Be it known that I, HUGH WILLIAMSON, of the city, county, and State of New York, have invented a new and improved Celestial and Terrestrial Globe; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof, which will enable others skilled in the art to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming part of this specification.

This invention relates to a concentric arrangement of a celestial-and terrestrial globe, adapted for the elucidation of all the problems now demonstrated by the use of' separate globes, the terrestrial globe being hung in the centre of the celestial, which-is transparent, and has the constellations represented up'on it.

A universal meridian surrounds the celestial globe, which is also furnished with a celestial equator graduated to degrees and hours, and which, at the same time, assists in binding together the two hemispheres'of the' transparent celestial globe.

The ecliptcal and equinoctial and solstitial colurcs are mapped upon the celestial globe, as well as honrcircles, and any other astronomical lines or diagrams, as may be desired. l

The terrestrial globe is surrounded by a universalvhorizon, formed of two scmicircles, each of whichis hung on an axis passing at a minute distance over its centre ot' gravity, (in like manner to the point of suspension in finely-adjusted diamond-scales,) for the purpose of obtaining a position of stable equilibrium of great sensi= tiveness. In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view, and

Figure 2 a horizontal section of my concentric celestial and terrestrial globe. r

Figure 3 is a view of the terrestrial globe, and apparatus for operating the same, detached from the celestial globe. i

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts. y

A is the universal meridian, graduated in any ordinary manner, and supported in the stand B, in `which it is revolved at pleasure. C C are the two halves of a hollow celestial globe of glass or other transparent material, set upon the hollow axis D D', and having their line of junction covered by the celestial equator E, y graduated for degrees and hours.V A fixed axis, F, passes through the axis D D', and lsecures in the universal i meridian A, at a and a. The hollow axis D D consists of two parts, whereof one part, D', passes through the terrestrial globe G, which it holds firmly at g, revolving with it, except when clamped upon the fixed axis F by the set-screwf. The other part, D, of the hollow axis, carries the fork I, into the extremities whereof set the screws K K, which pass through-the tubular rests hh, se'eured upon the universal horizon H H, so that the line joining K K, in the two halves of the horizon, are a diameter thereof at right angles to the axis D D. By this arrangement each half of the universal horizon has its line of suspension vertically over its centre of gravity, but at a very little distance above it, thereby securing a position of stable equilibrium of greatdelicacy. To set the terrestrial globe to any desired latitude, the universal` meridian A is turned in the stond B, until the required latitude denoted thereon is seen in the centre of the depression b, the separation of the horizon at h h allowing the axis D D to pass through it, and the meridian to be setas desired. The circles of perpetual apparition, and of perpetual occultation, for the latitude in question, will be then seen respectively, l

entirely above and en'ti'rely below the horizon, on revolving the celestial globe. The terrestrial globe can be revolvedby means of the milled head d, so as to bring any longitude under the meridian. By clamping the hollow axis D D to the fixed axis F, by means oi' the screws ff', the terrestrial globe and horizon are made stationary, -while the celestial globe is revolved. The line of the ecliptic i s shown at N, and the equinoctial and solstitial colnres at L and M respectively. The latitude of any place upon the terrestrial globe will be seen by the altitude of the pole at that place, the right ascension, declination, and polar distahee of any star of object on the celestial globe, referred to the equinoctial or` celestial equator, by the hour-circle passingthrougn the star, will be determined. Its diurnal circle will be observable by referring it to the horizon. By its vertical circle its azimuth altitude and zenith distance will be easily obtained. i v

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is 1. The terrestrial globe G, hung within and having the same axis and'centre with the' cclestial'globe C,`in manner substantially as above set forth and dscribed.

l having the constellations upon them, and the line N of the ecliptic, l 'L and M, when such hemisplieres are adapted to receive the terr-estivthe line oftheir junction forming the celestial equator,

2. As a. new artiole'o' manufacture, a transparent celestial globe, made of two hollow herispheres, C G,

and the eqninoctial and solstitial eolurcs,

ial globe and universal horizon, und with as herein shown and described.

3. The universal horizon H, suspended from the forked arms I of the axis D, in manner` and for'the purposes substantially as above set forth and describedl 4. The terrestrial globe G, and universal horizon H, in combination with the trans v parent celestial Vglobe' C; in mnnnerand for tliepnrposes substantially yas above set forth and described'.

. HUGH WILLIAMSON. Witnesses: .Y

WM. F. MCNAMARA, 'Y M. yRICHARD'Lnvsnsom 

